南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力

字級

中文摘要

本文分析南韓如何在美中科技競爭與全球供應鏈重組下，重新尋找科技競爭力。南韓過去依靠「發展型國家」模式、財閥體系與快速跟隨策略，在記憶體半導體與製造業建立全球優勢，但如今高度依賴中國市場、單一技術路徑、人才流失與原創研發不足，使其陷入日益明顯的戰略夾縫。美國出口管制、台灣先進製程的競爭優勢、中國科技追趕，以及AI帶來的高算力與資本門檻，都進一步加劇壓力。為此，南韓透過K-半導體戰略、半導體產業聚落、AI基礎設施、本土AI晶片與HBM等布局強化科技自主性。南韓未來能否維持科技強國地位，關鍵在於改革人才與創新制度、從追趕者轉向原創技術領導者，並在美中競逐中建立更穩定且具韌性的國際合作與供應鏈位置。

Abstract

This article examines how South Korea is seeking to reshape its technological competitiveness amid U.S.-China rivalry and the restructuring of global supply chains. South Korea built its global strength in memory semiconductors and advanced manufacturing through a developmental-state model, chaebol-led industrial organization, and a “fast follower” strategy. However, its heavy dependence on the Chinese market, concentration in a limited number of technological sectors, talent outflows, and weaknesses in original innovation have created growing strategic vulnerabilities. U.S. export controls, Taiwan's advantages in advanced semiconductor manufacturing, China's rapid technological catch-up, and the rising capital and computing requirements of AI have intensified these pressures. In response, South Korea is promoting its K-Semiconductor Strategy, semiconductor clusters, AI infrastructure, domestic AI chips, and high-bandwidth memory. South Korea's future position as a technology power will depend on reforming its talent and innovation systems, shifting from technological catch-up to original leadership, and securing a more resilient position within international technology and supply-chain networks.

引用格式

陳宗巖（2026）。〈南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力〉。收於方志恒（編），《AI時代：從大國競爭到科技競爭》，頁 266-280。台北：有理文化。https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011060891?loc=P_0005_004.

陳宗巖。〈南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力〉。《AI時代：從大國競爭到科技競爭》，方志恒（編），有理文化，2026，頁 266-280，www.books.com.tw/products/0011060891?loc=P_0005_004.

陳宗巖。〈南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力〉。收於《AI時代：從大國競爭到科技競爭》，方志恒（編），頁 266-280。台北：有理文化，2026。https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011060891?loc=P_0005_004.

陳宗巖（2026）〈南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力〉，收於方志恒（編），《AI時代：從大國競爭到科技競爭》，有理文化，頁 266-280。https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011060891?loc=P_0005_004.

陳宗巖。〈南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力〉。收於：方志恒（編）。《AI時代：從大國競爭到科技競爭》。台北：有理文化。2026。頁 266-280。https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011060891?loc=P_0005_004.

@incollection{2026,
  author = {陳宗巖},
  title = {南韓如何靠科技在美中夾縫間重塑競爭力},
  year = {2026},
  booktitle = {AI時代：從大國競爭到科技競爭},
  editor = {方志恒},
  publisher = {有理文化},
  address = {台北},
  pages = {266-280},
  url = {https://www.books.com.tw/products/0011060891?loc=P_0005_004}
}