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China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia

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中文摘要

本文透過分析新加坡、柬埔寨與緬甸三個案例，探討東南亞國家在 COVID-19 疫情期間所形成的健康安全夥伴關係，並聚焦於它們對中國與印度疫苗外交的回應。本文主張，多重因素的結合導致夥伴關係出現差異：國家政府因應疫情的能力及其成本、疫苗的可信度，以及與潛在夥伴之間的地緣政治關係。新加坡並未依賴中國疫苗捐贈，但接受中國援助是一項外交舉措，目的在於美中戰略競爭之中維持平衡政策。相較之下，柬埔寨與緬甸由於管理危機的能力有限，且缺乏財政資源與取得頂級疫苗的管道，因此不得不與中國或印度建立夥伴關係。地緣政治也扮演了角色。中國因為在疫情之前已與柬埔寨形成強固的戰略關係，而成為柬埔寨的主要夥伴；緬甸政府在 2021 年 2 月軍事政變前後，則基於不同的政治與地緣政治考量來建立其夥伴關係。

Abstract

By analysing three case studies—Singapore, Cambodia and Myanmar—this article investigates health security partnerships formed by Southeast Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on their responses to China and India's vaccine diplomacy. It argues that a combination of factors—the capability of national governments in responding to the pandemic and the cost of doing so, as well as the credibility of vaccines and geopolitical relationships with potential partners—led to a divergence in partnerships. Singapore did not rely on Chinese vaccine donations but its acceptance of assistance from China was a diplomatic move to maintain a balanced policy amidst the United States-China strategic rivalry. In contrast, Cambodia and Myanmar were obliged to partner with either China or India due to their limited capacity to manage the crisis as well as their lack of financial resources and access to top-tier vaccines. Geopolitics also played a role. China became a leading partner for Cambodia due to the strong strategic relationship they had formed before the pandemic, while the governments of Myanmar—before and after the military coup in February 2021—based their partnerships on varying political and geopolitical considerations.

引用格式

Chen, I. T.-y. (2023). China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 45(2), 193-215. https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7863
Chen, Ian Tsung-yen. "China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia." Contemporary Southeast Asia, vol. 45, no. 2, 2023, pp. 193-215, bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7863.
Chen, Ian Tsung-yen. "China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia." Contemporary Southeast Asia 45, no. 2 (2023): 193-215. https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7863
Chen, Ian Tsung-yen 2023, 'China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia', Contemporary Southeast Asia, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 193-215, https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7863.
Chen, Ian Tsung-yen. China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia. Contemporary Southeast Asia. 2023;45(2):193-215. https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7863
@article{Chen2023ChinaandIndiasCOVI,
  author = {Chen, Ian Tsung-yen},
  title = {China and India's COVID-19 Vaccine Diplomacy and Health Security Partnerships in Southeast Asia},
  year = {2023},
  journal = {Contemporary Southeast Asia},
  volume = {45},
  number = {2},
  pages = {193-215},
  url = {https://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg/publication/7863}
}